Prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano y microbiota cervicovaginal presente en mujeres con lesiones cervicouterinas: una revisión sistemática
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El cáncer cervicouterino constituye un problema relevante de salud pública asociado a la infección persistente por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), cuya evolución puede estar influenciada por la microbiota cervicovaginal. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia del VPH y la composición microbiana asociada en mujeres con lesiones cervicales. Se realizó una revisión sistemática bajo lineamientos PRISMA 2020, incluyendo 16 estudios observacionales publicados entre 2020 y 2024 en Scopus, PubMed y Taylor & Francis. La prevalencia promedio de VPH fue cercana al 70%, con predominio de genotipos de alto riesgo. Las mujeres con VPH y lesiones presentaron mayor diversidad microbiana, con disminución de Lactobacillus y aumento de géneros anaerobios como Gardnerella, Prevotella y Sneathia. Se concluye que la disbiosis cervicovaginal se asocia con la presencia del VPH y la progresión de las lesiones cervicales.
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